Black Existence

Africa, and especially South Africa is the primary center for the early development of human behavior.

The search for the origin of modern human behavior and technological advancement among our ancestors in southern Africa some 70,000 years ago has taken a step closer to firmly establishing this fact.

 

A new research paper by Wits University archaeologist, Prof. Christopher Henshilwood, is the first detailed summary of the time periods he and a group of international researchers have been studying in South Africa: namely the Still Bay techno-traditions (c. 75,000 -- 70,000 years) and the Howiesons Poort techno-tradition (c. 65,000 -- 60,000 years).

The paper, entitled "Late Pleistocene Techno-traditions in Southern Africa: A Review of the Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, c. 75 ka," has been published online in the Journal of World Prehistory on Nov. 6, 2012.

Henshilwood says these periods were significant in the development of Homo sapiens behavior in southern Africa. They were periods of many innovations including, for example, the first abstract art (engraved ochre and engraved ostrich eggshell); the first jewelry (shell beads); the first bone tools; the earliest use of the pressure flaking technique, that was used in combination with heating to make stone spear points and the first probable use of stone tipped arrows launched by bow.

"All of these innovations, plus many others we are just discovering, clearly show that Homo sapiens in southern Africa at that time were cognitively modern and behaving in many ways like ourselves. It is a good reason to be proud of our earliest, common ancestors who lived and evolved in South Africa and who later spread out into the rest of the world after about 60,000 years," says Henshilwood.

 

The research also addresses some of the nagging questions as to what drove our ancestors to develop these innovative technologies. According to Henshilwood answers to these questions are, in part, found in demography and climate change, particularly changing sea levels, which were major drivers of innovation and variability in material culture.

This paper is just the latest to come from Henshilwood and his teams' research on African archaeology that replaced the idea that modern human behavior originated in Europe after about 40,000 years ago. There is increasing evidence for an African origin for behavioral and technological modernity more than 70,000 years ago and that the earliest origin of all Homo sapiens lies in Africa with a special focus in southern Africa.

 

Henshilwood writes: "In just the past decade our knowledge of Homo sapiens behaviour in the Middle Stone Age, and in particular of the Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, has expanded considerably. With the benefit of hindsight we may ironically conclude that the origins of 'Neanthropic Man', the epitome of behavioral modernity in Europe, lay after all in Africa."

 

 

 

December 5, 2012

University of the Witwatersrand

 

Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by University of the Witwatersrand. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

 

Journal Reference:

    Christopher S. Henshilwood. Late Pleistocene Techno-traditions in Southern Africa: A Review of the Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, c. 75–59 ka. Journal of World Prehistory, 2012; 25 (3-4): 205 DOI: 10.1007/s10963-012-9060-3

 

Cite This Page:

    MLA  APA Chicago

University of the Witwatersrand. "Africa's Homo sapiens were the first techies." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 5 December 2012. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121205103005.htm>.